<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<article xmlns:ns0="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru">
 <front>
 <journal-meta>
 <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dongu-vestnik04.ru</journal-id>
 <journal-title-group>
 <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Донецкого университета. Серия 04. Технические науки</journal-title>
 <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
 <trans-title>Vestnik of Donetsk University. Series 04. Technical Sciences</trans-title>
 </trans-title-group>
 </journal-title-group>
 <issn publication-format="electronic">2663-4228</issn>
 </journal-meta>
 <article-meta>
 <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">509</article-id>
 <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.19201811</article-id>
 <article-categories>
 <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
 <subject>Articles</subject>
 </subj-group>
 <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
 <subject>Статьи</subject>
 </subj-group>
 <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
 <subject>Research Article</subject>
 </subj-group>
 </article-categories>
 <title-group>
 <article-title xml:lang="en">DETERMINATION AND COMPARISON OF IDENTIFICATION AND MODELING METHODS FOR A PELTIER ELEMENT BASED ON ITS TRANSIENT CHARACTERISTICS</article-title>
 <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
 <trans-title>ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ И СРАВНЕНИЕ МЕТОДИК ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ И МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ЭЛЕМЕНТА ПЕЛЬТЬЕ НА ОСНОВЕ ЕГО ПЕРЕХОДНЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК</trans-title>
 </trans-title-group>
 </title-group>
 <contrib-group>
 <contrib contrib-type="author">
 <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3827-6569</contrib-id>
 <name-alternatives>
 <name xml:lang="en">
 <surname>Lukianov</surname>
 <given-names>Aleksandr Dmitrievich</given-names>
 </name>
 <name xml:lang="ru">
 <surname>Лукьянов</surname>
 <given-names>Александр Дмитриевич</given-names>
 </name>
 </name-alternatives>
 <email>alexlukjanov1998@gmail.com</email>
 <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
 </contrib>
 <contrib contrib-type="author">
 <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-7758</contrib-id>
 <name-alternatives>
 <name xml:lang="en">
 <surname>Donskoi</surname>
 <given-names>Danila IUrevich</given-names>
 </name>
 <name xml:lang="ru">
 <surname>Донской</surname>
 <given-names>Данила Юрьевич</given-names>
 </name>
 </name-alternatives>
 <email>dand22@bk.ru</email>
 <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
 </contrib>
 </contrib-group>
 <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
 <aff xml:lang="ru">
 <institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Донской государственный технический университет»</institution>
 </aff>
 <aff xml:lang="en">
 <institution>Don State Technical University</institution>
 </aff>
 </aff-alternatives>
 <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
 <aff xml:lang="ru">
 <institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Донской государственный технический университет»</institution>
 </aff>
 <aff xml:lang="en">
 <institution>Don State Technical University</institution>
 </aff>
 </aff-alternatives>
 <pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="27.02.2026" publication-format="electronic" />
 <issue>1</issue>
 <issue-title xml:lang="en">NO1 (27.0)</issue-title>
 <issue-title xml:lang="ru">№1 (27.0)</issue-title>
 <fpage>78</fpage>
 <lpage>93</lpage>
 <history>
 <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-15">
 <day>15</day>
 <month>07</month>
 <year>2026</year>
 </date>
 </history>
 <permissions>
 <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Вестник Донецкого университета. Серия 04. Технические науки</copyright-statement>
 <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Vestnik of Donetsk University. Series 04. Technical Sciences</copyright-statement>
 <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
 <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вестник Донецкого университета. Серия 04. Технические науки</copyright-holder>
 <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vestnik of Donetsk University. Series 04. Technical Sciences</copyright-holder>
 <license license-type="open-access" ns0:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="ru">
 <license-p>Эта статья распространяется на условиях лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)</license-p>
 </license>
 <license license-type="open-access" ns0:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
 <license-p>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)</license-p>
 </license>
 <ali:free_to_read />
 </permissions>
 <self-uri ns0:href="https://dongu-vestnik04.ru/index.php/vestnik04/article/view/509">https://dongu-vestnik04.ru/index.php/vestnik04/article/view/509</self-uri>
 <abstract xml:lang="en">
 <p>This paper presents methods for identifying and modeling thermoelectric converters based on the Peltier effect. The methods consist of algorithms for mathematically evaluating the results of a number of physical experiments on a thermoelectric converter under various control conditions and known stationary environmental conditions. The application of the described techniques makes it possible to determine the physical parameters necessary for modeling and unique for each Peltier element. In the course of the work, the parameters of the TEC1-12706 Peltier element, which is popular on the market, were identified and the accuracy of mathematical modeling results based on the proposed approaches was analyzed.</p>
 </abstract>
 <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
 <p>В данной работе приведены методики идентификации и моделирования термоэлектрических преобразователей на основе эффекта Пельтье. Методики состоят из алгоритмов математической оценки базы результатов ряда физических экспериментов над термоэлектрическим преобразователем при различных управляющих воздействиях и известных стационарных условиях окружающей среды. Применение описанных методик позволяет определить необходимые для моделирования и уникальные для каждого элемента Пельтье физические параметры. В ходе работы были идентифицированы параметры популярного на рынке элемента Пельтье TEC1-12706 и приведен анализ точности результатов математического моделирования на базе предложенных подходов.</p>
 </trans-abstract>
 <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
 <kwd>Peltier element, approximation, LSM, parametric optimization</kwd>
 </kwd-group>
 <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
 <kwd>элемент Пельтье, аппроксимация, МНК, параметрическая оптимизация</kwd>
 </kwd-group>
 </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
 <p>[Полный текст статьи отсутствует в исходных данных. Необходимо добавить текст из PDF или другого источника.]</p>
 </body>
 <back>
 <ref-list>
 <title>Список литературы</title>
 <ref id="B1">
 <mixed-citation>1. Performance Analysis of Multistage Thermoelectric Cooler with Water-Cooled / Y. Sun [et al.] // Journal of Physics: Conference Series. – 2023. – Vol. 2442. – P. 012028. – DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/2442/1/012028.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B2">
 <mixed-citation>2. Peltier Device: Electrothermal cooler or thermoelectric generator [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: https://www.mathworks.com/help/sps/ref/peltierdevice.html (дата обращения: 25.10.2025).</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B3">
 <mixed-citation>3. Performance analysis of a thermoelectric cooler with a corrugated architecture / O. Owoyele [et al.] // Applied Energy. – 2015. – Vol. 147. – DOI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.132.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B4">
 <mixed-citation>4. Abdulghani, Z. R. A novel experimental case study on optimization of Peltier air cooler using Taguchi method / Z. R. Abdulghani // Results in Engineering. – 2022. – Vol. 16. – P. 100627. – DOI 10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100627.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B5">
 <mixed-citation>5. Giant Deformation Induced Staggered-Layer Structure Promoting the Thermoelectric and Mechanical Performance in n-Type Bi2(Te, Se)3 / F. Zhang [et al.] // Small. – 2024. – DOI 10.1002/smll.202401070.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B6">
 <mixed-citation>6. Design and preparation of high-performance bulk thermoelectric materials / H. S. Lee [et al.] // Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society. – 2017. – Vol. 54, № 2. – P. 105-115. – DOI 10.4191/kcers.2017.54.2.10.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B7">
 <mixed-citation>7. Interfacial reactions in thermoelectric modules / M. Zou [et al.] // Materials Research Letters. – 2018. – Vol. 6, № 3. – P. 143-150. – DOI 10.1080/21663831.2018.1436092.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B8">
 <mixed-citation>8. Creep behavior and post-creep thermoelectric performance of the n-type Skutterudite alloy Yb0.3Co4Sb12 / M. Malki [et al.] // Journal of Materiomics. – 2020. – Vol. 7. – DOI 10.1016/j.jmat.2020.07.012.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B9">
 <mixed-citation>9. Half-Heusler thermoelectrics: Advances from materials fundamental to device engineering / W. Li [et al.] // Joule. – 2024. – Vol. 8, № 5. – P. 1274–1311. – DOI 10.1016/j.joule.2024.03.016.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B10">
 <mixed-citation>10. Thermoelectric materials for space explorations / D. Palaporn [et al.] // Materials Advances. – 2024. – Vol. 5, № 13. – P. 5351-5364. – DOI 10.1039/D4MA00309H.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B11">
 <mixed-citation>11. A comprehensive review of Thermoelectric Generators: Technologies and common applications / N. Jaziri [et al.] // Energy Reports. – 2020. – Vol. 6. – P. 264–287. – DOI 10.1016/j.egyr.2019.12.011.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B12">
 <mixed-citation>12. Experimental study on the performance of Peltier TEC12706 as a cooling and heating media / S. Sujono [et al.] // Jurnal Polimesin. – 2024. – Vol. 22. – P. 600. – DOI 10.30811/jpl.v22i6.5345.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B13">
 <mixed-citation>13. Precise characterization of Peltier heat at the heterointerface based on thermography / Z. Wu [et al.] // Applied Physics Letters. – 2025. – Vol. 126. – DOI 10.1063/5.0260465.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B14">
 <mixed-citation>14. A Novel Approach to Determine the Type of Conductivity in Semiconductors Using a Combined Seebeck and Peltier Effects / N. Numan [et al.] // International Journal of Innovative Research. – 2025. – Vol. 12, № 1. – P. 54–64. – DOI 10.53523/ijoirVol12I1ID476.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B15">
 <mixed-citation>15. Characterization of Commercial Thermoelectric Modules for Precision Heat Flux Measurement / J. Crossley [et al.] // Review of Scientific Instruments. – 2022. – Vol. 93, № 11. – DOI 10.48550/arXiv.2208.04265.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B16">
 <mixed-citation>16. Analysis of Transient Modes of Peltier Thermoelectric Elements under Various Input Influences / G. S. Vasilyev [et al.] // Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering. – 2024. – Vol. 18, № 1. – P. 199-204. – DOI 10.30486/mjee.2024.2000084.1304.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B17">
 <mixed-citation>17. Alaoui, C. Peltier Thermoelectric Modules Modeling and Evaluation / C. Alaoui // International Journal of Engineering. – 2011. – Vol. 5. – P. 114–121.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B18">
 <mixed-citation>18. Безик, Д. А. Определение параметров тепловой модели элементов Пельтье / Д. А. Безик, Т. В. Бычкова // Информационные и математические технологии в науке и управлении, 2025. – № 2 (38). – С. 103-112. – DOI 10.25729/ESI.2025.38.2.009.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B19">
 <mixed-citation>19. Саблин, М. А. Модули Пельтье SP1848 в режимах теплопереноса и генерации электрической энергии, и их практическое применение / М. А. Саблин, Г. В. Саблина, В. Г. Трубин // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Промышленная кибернетика. – 2024. – Т. 2, № 2. – С. 45-51. – DOI 10.18799/29495407/2024/2/52. – EDN VFGTCF.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B20">
 <mixed-citation>20. Моделирование и идентификация элемента Пельтье TEC1-12706 для применения в малообъемных биореакторах искусственного ЖКТ рыб / Ю. A. Иванов, A. Д. Лукьянов, Д. Ю. Донской, Д. В. Рудой // Агроинженерия. – 2024. – Т. 26, № 3. – С. 58-65. – DOI 10.26897/2687-1149-2024-3-58-65. – EDN BZMDHL.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B21">
 <mixed-citation>21. Донской, Д. Ю. Математическая модель малогабаритного биореактора для оценки влияния входных воздействий на его содержимое / Д. Ю. Донской // Системы управления и информационные технологии. – 2025. – № 3(101). – С. 54-59. – EDN IWRIXD.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B22">
 <mixed-citation>22. Integration of Fresnel Lens Solar Concentration in a TEC1-12706 Thermoelectric Generator Prototype / A. Sofijan [et al.] // ScienceRise. – 2025. – Vol. 1. – P. 3–10. – DOI 10.21303/2313-8416.2025.003847.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B23">
 <mixed-citation>23. Гринкевич, В. А. Идентификация устройства на основе элемента Пельтье методом наименьших квадратов / В. А. Гринкевич // Доклады Академии наук высшей школы Российской Федерации. – 2020. – № 1–2 (46–47). – С. 17–27. – DOI: 10.17212/1727-2769-2020-1-2-17-27.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B24">
 <mixed-citation>24. Das, R. AI-Assisted Coding Project in Python: Thermoelectric Simulation of Peltier Device / R. Das. – 2025. – 16 p.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B25">
 <mixed-citation>25. Numerical performance estimation of segmented thermoelectric elements / E. Muller [et al.] // ICT 2005. 24th International Conference on Thermoelectrics. – Clemson, SC, USA, 2005. – P. 364–369. – DOI 10.1109/ICT.2005.1519959.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B26">
 <mixed-citation>REFERENCES LIST</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B27">
 <mixed-citation>1. Performance Analysis of Multistage Thermoelectric Cooler with Water-Cooled / Y. Sun [et al.] // Journal of Physics: Conference Series. – 2023. – Vol. 2442. – P. 012028. – DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/2442/1/012028.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B28">
 <mixed-citation>2. Peltier Device: Electrothermal cooler or thermoelectric generator [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: https://www.mathworks.com/help/sps/ref/peltierdevice.html (дата обращения: 25.10.2025).</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B29">
 <mixed-citation>3. Performance analysis of a thermoelectric cooler with a corrugated architecture / O. Owoyele [et al.] // Applied Energy. – 2015. – Vol. 147. – DOI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.132.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B30">
 <mixed-citation>4. Abdulghani, Z. R. A novel experimental case study on optimization of Peltier air cooler using Taguchi method / Z. R. Abdulghani // Results in Engineering. – 2022. – Vol. 16. – P. 100627. – DOI 10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100627.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B31">
 <mixed-citation>5. Giant Deformation Induced Staggered-Layer Structure Promoting the Thermoelectric and Mechanical Performance in n-Type Bi2(Te, Se)3 / F. Zhang [et al.] // Small. – 2024. – DOI 10.1002/smll.202401070.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B32">
 <mixed-citation>6. Design and preparation of high-performance bulk thermoelectric materials / H. S. Lee [et al.] // Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society. – 2017. – Vol. 54, № 2. – P. 105-115. – DOI 10.4191/kcers.2017.54.2.10.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B33">
 <mixed-citation>7. Interfacial reactions in thermoelectric modules / M. Zou [et al.] // Materials Research Letters. – 2018. – Vol. 6, № 3. – P. 143-150. – DOI 10.1080/21663831.2018.1436092.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B34">
 <mixed-citation>8. Creep behavior and post-creep thermoelectric performance of the n-type Skutterudite alloy Yb0.3Co4Sb12 / M. Malki [et al.] // Journal of Materiomics. – 2020. – Vol. 7. – DOI 10.1016/j.jmat.2020.07.012.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B35">
 <mixed-citation>9. Half-Heusler thermoelectrics: Advances from materials fundamental to device engineering / W. Li [et al.] // Joule. – 2024. – Vol. 8, № 5. – P. 1274–1311. – DOI 10.1016/j.joule.2024.03.016.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B36">
 <mixed-citation>10. Thermoelectric materials for space explorations / D. Palaporn [et al.] // Materials Advances. – 2024. – Vol. 5, № 13. – P. 5351-5364. – DOI 10.1039/D4MA00309H.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B37">
 <mixed-citation>11. A comprehensive review of Thermoelectric Generators: Technologies and common applications / N. Jaziri [et al.] // Energy Reports. – 2020. – Vol. 6. – P. 264–287. – DOI 10.1016/j.egyr.2019.12.011.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B38">
 <mixed-citation>12. Experimental study on the performance of Peltier TEC12706 as a cooling and heating media / S. Sujono [et al.] // Jurnal Polimesin. – 2024. – Vol. 22. – P. 600. – DOI 10.30811/jpl.v22i6.5345.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B39">
 <mixed-citation>13. Precise characterization of Peltier heat at the heterointerface based on thermography / Z. Wu [et al.] // Applied Physics Letters. – 2025. – Vol. 126. – DOI 10.1063/5.0260465.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B40">
 <mixed-citation>14. A Novel Approach to Determine the Type of Conductivity in Semiconductors Using a Combined Seebeck and Peltier Effects / N. Numan [et al.] // International Journal of Innovative Research. – 2025. – Vol. 12, № 1. – P. 54–64. – DOI 10.53523/ijoirVol12I1ID476.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B41">
 <mixed-citation>15. Characterization of Commercial Thermoelectric Modules for Precision Heat Flux Measurement / J. Crossley [et al.] // Review of Scientific Instruments. – 2022. – Vol. 93, № 11. – DOI 10.48550/arXiv.2208.04265.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B42">
 <mixed-citation>16. Analysis of Transient Modes of Peltier Thermoelectric Elements under Various Input Influences / G. S. Vasilyev [et al.] // Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering. – 2024. – Vol. 18, № 1. – P. 199-204. – DOI 10.30486/mjee.2024.2000084.1304.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B43">
 <mixed-citation>17. Alaoui, C. Peltier Thermoelectric Modules Modeling and Evaluation / C. Alaoui // International Journal of Engineering. – 2011. – Vol. 5. – P. 114–121.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B44">
 <mixed-citation>18. Bezik, D. A. Opredelenie parametrov teplovoi modeli elementov Pelte / D. A. Bezik, T. V. Bychkova // Informatsionnye i matematicheskie tekhnologii v nauke i upravlenii, 2025. – № 2 (38). – S. 103-112. – DOI 10.25729/ESI.2025.38.2.009.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B45">
 <mixed-citation>19. Sablin, M. A. Moduli Pelte SP1848 v rezhimakh teploperenosa i generatsii elektricheskoi energii, i ikh prakticheskoe primenenie / M. A. Sablin, G. V. Sablina, V. G. Trubin // Izvestiia Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Promyshlennaia kibernetika. – 2024. – T. 2, № 2. – S. 45-51. – DOI 10.18799/29495407/2024/2/52. – EDN VFGTCF.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B46">
 <mixed-citation>20. Modelirovanie i identifikatsiia elementa Pelte TEC1-12706 dlia primeneniia v maloobieemnykh bioreaktorakh iskusstvennogo ZhKT ryb / Iu. A. Ivanov, A. D. Lukianov, D. Iu. Donskoi, D. V. Rudoi // Agroinzheneriia. – 2024. – T. 26, № 3. – S. 58-65. – DOI 10.26897/2687-1149-2024-3-58-65. – EDN BZMDHL.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B47">
 <mixed-citation>21. Donskoi, D. Iu. Matematicheskaia model malogabaritnogo bioreaktora dlia otsenki vliianiia vkhodnykh vozdeistvii na ego soderzhimoe / D. Iu. Donskoi // Sistemy upravleniia i informatsionnye tekhnologii. – 2025. – № 3(101). – S. 54-59. – EDN IWRIXD.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B48">
 <mixed-citation>22. Integration of Fresnel Lens Solar Concentration in a TEC1-12706 Thermoelectric Generator Prototype / A. Sofijan [et al.] // ScienceRise. – 2025. – Vol. 1. – P. 3–10. – DOI 10.21303/2313-8416.2025.003847.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B49">
 <mixed-citation>23. Grinkevich, V. A. Identifikatsiia ustroistva na osnove elementa Pelte metodom naimenshikh kvadratov / V. A. Grinkevich // Doklady Akademii nauk vysshei shkoly Rossiiskoi Federatsii. – 2020. – № 1–2 (46–47). – S. 17–27. – DOI: 10.17212/1727-2769-2020-1-2-17-27.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B50">
 <mixed-citation>24. Das, R. AI-Assisted Coding Project in Python: Thermoelectric Simulation of Peltier Device / R. Das. – 2025. – 16 p.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 <ref id="B51">
 <mixed-citation>25. Numerical performance estimation of segmented thermoelectric elements / E. Muller [et al.] // ICT 2005. 24th International Conference on Thermoelectrics. – Clemson, SC, USA, 2005. – P. 364–369. – DOI 10.1109/ICT.2005.1519959.</mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 </ref-list>
 </back>
 </article>
